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Common Side Effects With Antibiotic Use

UTI Treatment

Each antibiotic is responsible for its own unique list of side effects, and the list is usually extensive. Be sure to discuss your individual antibiotic side effects with your healthcare provider. However, there are side effects that are common to most antibiotics, regardless of class or drug:

Related: Common Side Effects from Antibiotics, Allergies and Reactions

Dosage For Lower Respiratory Tract Infections

Adult dosage

Typical dosage is 875 mg every 12 hours, or 500 mg every 8 hours.

Child dosage

Typical dosage is 45 mg/kg/day in divided doses every 12 hours, or 40 mg/kg/day in divided doses every 8 hours.

Child dosage

Maximum dosage is 30 mg/kg/day. This is meant for children who weigh less than 88 pounds . Children who weigh more than 88 pounds should be dosed according to the adult recommendations. Your childs doctor can tell you more about dosage.

Senior dosage

The kidneys of older adults may not work as well as they used to. This can cause your body to process drugs more slowly. As a result, more of a drug stays in your body for a longer time. This raises your risk of side effects.

Your doctor may start you on a lower dose or a different dosing schedule. This can help keep levels of this drug from building up too much in your body.

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What Are The Symptoms Of A Uti

Symptoms of a UTI can differ depending on what part of the urinary tract is infected.

A bladder infection usually causes symptoms that include the following:

  • Burning when urinating
  • The feeling that you need to pee frequently, but when you go to the toilet very little urine comes out
  • Pain in the pelvic area just above the pubic bone.

Bladder infections are usually considered a simple UTI and treatment is usually with antibiotics for three to five days. Symptoms usually resolve in a couple of days.

People with an infection of the urethra may experience symptoms similar to a bladder infection in addition to itching or irritation at the end of the urethra where the pee comes out.

Symptoms of a kidney infection are usually more widespread and more severe than those of a bladder infection and may include:

  • Fever or chills
  • Pink or red-tinged urine
  • Burning when urinating
  • The feeling that you need to pee frequently, but when you go to the toilet very little urine comes out
  • Pain in the pelvic area just above the pubic bone
  • Moderate to severe lower back pain
  • Nausea or vomiting.

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How Long Should I Take Antibiotics

Your doctor will let you know. Typically, for an uncomplicated infection, you’ll take antibiotics for 2 to 3 days. Some people will need to take these medicines for up to 7 to 10 days.

For a complicated infection, you might need to take antibiotics for 14 days or more.

If you still have symptoms after completing antibiotics, a follow-up urine test can show whether the germs are gone. If you still have an infection, you’ll need to take antibiotics for a longer period of time.

If you get UTIs often, you may need a prolonged course of antibiotics. And if sex causes your UTIs, you’ll take a dose of the medicine right before you have sex. You can also take antibiotics whenever you get a new UTI if youâre having symptoms and a positive urine culture.

Dog Urinary Tract Infections

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A Urinary Tract Infection , can make it uncomfortable for a dog to pass urine. The most common cause for straightforward cystitis in dogs is a bacterial infection. However, similar signs may be seen with urinary stones and crystals, bladder inflammation, incontinence due to excessive water consumption or a weak bladder, kidney disease, cancer, stress, spinal cord disease, prostate disease or an abnormality in the urinary tract from birth.

Older female dogs and dogs with diabetes are particularly prone to urinary tract problems.

Some breeds of dog are prone to certain types of bladder stones, including Dalmations, Bichon Frise and Miniature Schnauzers.

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Sneaky Utis Are No Match For Informed Pet Parents

In conclusion, I believe in you. You know your dog better than anyone else. And with this information on the sneaky ways of UTIs, youre prepped to help your dog live the happiest, healthiest life possible.

If you sense any abnormality in your dog, and certainly anything related to the urinary tract, please call your veterinarian. Like all medical issues, the sooner it is diagnosed, the easier, cheaper, safer, and faster it can be resolved. And ultimately, that is the very best thing for our dogs.

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Caution Flag #: Bailey Was Not Emptying Her Bladder Normally

In Baileys case, she had an issue urinating normally. When her bladder was full, her owner had to express it. He did this by putting some pressure on the bladder to initiate the flow of urine. Bailey definitely wasnt emptying fully nor emptying normally. Since as we established earlier, urinating helps flush the system, Bailey had an automatic caution flag for developing a UTI.

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Most Common Bacteria That Cause Utis

Based on a study by The National Center for Biotechnology Information, the bacteria most commonly associated with causing UTIs are:

  • Escherichia coli
  • Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Based on the symptoms the patient is experiencing and before any testing is done to officially determine the infection type, the doctor prescribes first line antibiotics. For most UTIs, the prescribed antibiotic will cure the infection and not require any further testing.

Which Antibiotic Will Work Best

Ask Dr. Nandi: Antibiotic-resistant urinary tract infections are on the rise

Your doctor will take a urine sample to confirm that you have a UTI. Then the lab will grow the germs in a dish for a couple of days to find out which type of bacteria you have. This is called a culture. Itâll tell your doctor what type of germs caused your infection. Theyâll likely prescribe one of the following antibiotics to treat it before the culture comes back:

Which medication and dose you get depends on whether your infection is complicated or uncomplicated.

âUncomplicatedâ means your urinary tract is normal. âComplicatedâ means you have a disease or problem with your urinary tract. You could have a narrowing of your ureters, which are the tubes that carry urine from your kidneys to your bladder, a narrowing in the urethra which transports urine from the bladder out of the body, or, you might have a blockage like a kidney stone or an enlarged prostate . It’s also possible you have a urinary fistula or a bladder diverticulum.

To treat a complicated infection, your doctor might prescribe a higher dose of antibiotics. If your UTI is severe or the infection is in your kidneys, you might need to be treated in a hospital or doctor’s office with high-dose antibiotics you get through an IV.

Your doctor will also consider these factors when choosing an antibiotic:

  • Are you over age 65?
  • Are you allergic to any antibiotics?
  • Have you had any side effects from antibiotics in the past?

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What Is The Prognosis For A Urinary Tract Infection

A good prognosis is usual for spontaneously resolved and quickly treated UTIs. Even patients that have rapidly developing symptoms and early pyelonephritis can have a good prognosis if quickly and adequately treated. The prognosis begins to decline if the UTI is not quickly recognized or treated. Elderly and immunosuppressed patients may not have the UTI recognized early their prognosis may range from fair to poor, depending on how much damage is done to the urinary tract or if complications like sepsis occur. Like adults, most adequately treated children will have a good prognosis. Children and adults with recurrent UTIs may develop complications and a worse prognosis recurrent UTIs may be a symptom of an underlying problem with the urinary tract structure. These patients should be referred to a specialist for further evaluation.

  • What Is the Best Treatment for Urinary Tract Infection? UTIs Center
  • In most cases, the best treatment for a urinary tract infection is a course of antibiotics. Antibiotics are prescription medications that kill bacteria that cause the infection.

    Which antibiotics are prescribed depend on the type of bacteria responsible for the UTI, which can be detected via a urine culture and sensitivity test.

    What Other Information Should I Know

    Keep all appointments with your doctor and the laboratory. Your doctor may order certain lab tests to check your bodyâs response to amoxicillin.

    If you are diabetic, use Clinistix or TesTape to test your urine for sugar while taking this medication.

    Do not let anyone else take your medication. Your prescription is probably not refillable. If you still have symptoms of infection after you finish the amoxicillin, call your doctor.

    It is important for you to keep a written list of all of the prescription and nonprescription medicines you are taking, as well as any products such as vitamins, minerals, or other dietary supplements. You should bring this list with you each time you visit a doctor or if you are admitted to a hospital. It is also important information to carry with you in case of emergencies.

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    What Oral Antibiotics Are Used To Treat An Uncomplicated Uti In Women

    The following oral antibiotics are commonly used to treat most uncomplicated UTI infections :

    Your doctor will choose your antibiotic based on your history, type of UTI, local resistance patterns, and cost considerations. First-line options are usually selected from nitrofurantoin, fosfomycin and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim. Amoxicillin/clavulanate and certain cephalosporins, for example cefpodoxime, cefdinir, or cefaclor may be appropriate options when first-line options cannot be used.

    Length of treatment for cystitis can range from a single, one-time dose, to a course of medication over 5 to 7 days. Kidney infections may require injectable treatment, hospitalization, as well as a longer course of antibiotic, depending upon severity of the infection.

    Sometimes a UTI can be self-limiting in women, meaning that the body can fight the infection without antibiotics however, most uncomplicated UTI cases can be treated quickly with a short course of oral antibiotics. Never use an antibiotic that has been prescribed for someone else.

    In men with symptoms that do not suggest a complicated UTI, treatment can be the same as women. In men with complicated UTIs and/or symptoms of prostatitis are not present, men can be treated for 7 days with a fluoroquinolone . Tailor therapy once urine cultures are available.

    Treatment For Utis In Dogs

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    Based on your dogs urine test results, your vet will prescribe an appropriate antibiotic for you to administer as directed.

    For acute UTIs, vets usually prescribe an antibiotic for 1-2 weeks. If urine culture and sensitivity testing reveals resistant bacteria, then treatment will include an antibiotic found to fight off that particular bacteria.

    To clear the infection for chronic UTIs, treatment will address the underlying cause. Antibiotics are usually prescribed for 4-8 weeks and are based on urine culture and sensitivity to avoid antibiotic resistance. In rare instances of chronic UTIs, your vet may prescribe a lifelong antibiotic for your dogs comfort.

    Your vet may also prescribe pain medications, anti-inflammatories, and probiotic supplements to help treat and clear the infections.

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    Drugs That Increase The Risk Of Side Effects From Amoxicillin

    Taking amoxicillin with certain medications raises your risk of side effects from amoxicillin. This is because the amount of amoxicillin in your body may be increased. Examples of these drugs include:

    • Probenecid: Taking probenecid with amoxicillin could lead to increased blood levels of amoxicillin. A doctor may need to decrease the dose of amoxicillin in some patients.
    • Allopurinol: If you use these drugs together, you may develop a rash.

    What Antibiotic Is Used To Treat Uti In Dogs

    Often, veterinarians will prescribe an antibiotic to help provide immediate relief to a dog with a UTI. Its common for vets to prescribe broad-spectrum antibiotics, such as amoxicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, ampicillin, and potentiated sulfonamides. These antibiotics target a wide array of UTI-causing bacteria.

    Your vet may decide to do a urine culture to determine the specific type of bacteria thats causing your dogs UTI. This will allow your vet to prescribe the antibiotic that most effectively targets that bacteria.

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    Usual Pediatric Dose For Sinusitis

    Less than 12 weeks:125 mg/5 mL oral suspension: 15 mg/kg orally every 12 hours3 months or older:Less than 40 kg:125 mg/5 mL or 250 mg/5 mL oral suspension: 6.67 to 13.33 mg/kg orally every 8 hours200 mg/5 mL or 400 mg/5 mL oral suspension or chewable tablets: 12.5 to 22.5 mg/kg orally every 12 hours600 mg/5 mL oral suspension: 45 mg/kg orally every 12 hours40 kg or more:Immediate release tablets: 250 mg orally every 8 hours or 500 mg orally every 12 hours for more severe infections, 500 mg orally every 8 hours or 875 mg orally every 12 hours may be administeredExtended release tablets: 2 g orally every 12 hours for 10 days

    Anatomical Abnormalities A Cats Urinary Tract Infection

    How Effective is Amoxicillin for a Urinary Tract Infection

    There are numerous reasons why a cat may have a urinary tract infection, but the most common is a blocked urinary tract. Cats who live indoors frequently develop this condition because crystals, stones, or debris gradually accumulate in the urethra, the tube connecting the bladder to the outside of the body. Crystals, stones, or debris, as well as urine crystals, can obstruct the flow of urine, resulting in infection of the urinary tract. In cats, urinary tract problems can be caused by a variety of factors, including incontinence due to excessive water consumption or a weak bladder. There is a spinal cord issue.

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    Understanding Drug Pharmacokinetics And Pharmacodynamics Is Essential When Determining The Most Effective Antibiotic Therapy For Utis In Dogs And Cats

    Dr. Foster is an internist and Director of the Extracorporeal Therapies Service at Friendship Hospital for Animals in Washington, D.C. He has lectured around the world on various renal and urinary diseases and authored numerous manuscripts and book chapters on these topics. He is the current president of the American Society of Veterinary Nephrology and Urology.

    Urinary tract infections are common in small animal practice it has been reported that up to 27% of dogs will develop infection at some time in their lives.1

    Most UTIs are successfully treated with commonly used drugs, dosages, and administration intervals. However, infections can be challenging to effectively treat when they involve the kidneys and prostate . In addition, it can be difficult to create an appropriate antibiotic prescription in patients with kidney disease due to reduced drug clearance.

    Understanding drug pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics is essential when determining the most effective antibiotic therapy. In addition, successful antimicrobial therapy requires appropriate choice of antibiotic, including dose, frequency, and duration .

    When You Need Themand When You Dont

    Antibiotics are medicines that can kill bacteria. Doctors often use antibiotics to treat urinary tract infections . The main symptoms of UTIs are:

    • A burning feeling when you urinate.
    • A strong urge to urinate often.

    However, many older people get UTI treatment even though they do not have these symptoms. This can do more harm than good. Heres why:

    Antibiotics usually dont help when there are no UTI symptoms.

    Older people often have some bacteria in their urine. This does not mean they have a UTI. But doctors may find the bacteria in a routine test and give antibiotics anyway.

    The antibiotic does not help these patients.

    • It does not prevent UTIs.
    • It does not help bladder control.
    • It does not help memory problems or balance.

    Most older people should not be tested or treated for a UTI unless they have UTI symptoms. And if you do have a UTI and get treated, you usually dont need another test to find out if you are cured. You should only get tested or treated if UTI symptoms come back.

    Antibiotics have side effects.

    Antibiotics can have side effects, such as fever, rash, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, headache, tendon ruptures, and nerve damage.

    Antibiotics can cause future problems.

    Antibiotics can kill friendly germs in the body. This can lead to vaginal yeast infections. It can also lead to other infections, and severe diarrhea, hospitalization, and even death.

    Antibiotics can be a waste of money.

    When should older people take antibiotics for a UTI?

    10/2013

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    What Happens When A Uti Goes Untreated

    Thanks to early diagnosis and proper treatment, the vast majority of lower urinary tract infections result in no complications. However, if left untreated, a UTI can have serious ramifications notes the Mayo Clinic, including:

    • Premature birth and low birth weight
    • Kidney damage, which can occur is an untreated UTI spreads from the bladder to the kidneys.

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    K Health articles are all written and reviewed by MDs, PhDs, NPs, or PharmDs and are for informational purposes only. This information does not constitute and should not be relied on for professional medical advice. Always talk to your doctor about the risks and benefits of any treatment.

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